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CONCUSSION EFFECTS
Recent studies show that more than 62,000 concussions occur each year in high school sports, with football accounting for two of every three, according to the Brain Injury Association of Arizona.
However, many mild concussions likely go undiagnosed and unreported. Studies estimate that approximately 10 percent of all athletes involved in contact sports such as football have a concussion each year.
In addition, close to 60 percent of concussions may go unreported because athletes are not aware of the signs and symptoms and do not think the injury is serious enough to report to medical personnel.
Source: The Brain Injury Association of Arizona
CDC Heads Up Concussion in Football Packet
A high-end 3D animation of sport-related concussions
Depression is one of the many symptoms experienced by athletes following a concussion. In fact, some research finds the prevalence of depression in head trauma patients can be as high as 40 percent. Several studies have also shown a link between a history of brain injury and a higher probability of developing major depression later in life.
Another study found that of 2,552 retired pro-football players, over 11 percent of those with a history of multiple concussions also had a diagnosis of clinical depression. Players reporting three or more previous concussions were three times more likely to be diagnosed with depression than those with no history of concussion.
SPORTS CONCUSSION
Concussions are traumatic head injuries that occur from both mild and severe blows to the head. Some head injuries may appear to be mild but research is finding that concussions can have serious, long-term effects, especially repeat head injuries or cumulative concussions.
In 2004, data collected from the head impact telemetry system used in the NFL concussion studies found that 58 of 623 (9.3 percent) of professional football players who suffered a concussion also had a loss of consciousness.
SECOND IMPACT SYNDROME
Second impact syndrome is a condition in which a second concussion occurs before a first concussion has properly healed, causing rapid and severe brain swelling and often catastrophic results. Second impact syndrome can result from even a very mild concussion that occurs days or weeks after the initial concussion. Most cases of second impact syndrome have occurred in young athletes, particularly those who participate in sports such as boxing, baseball, football, hockey, and skiing.
Second impact injury can result within a matter of days or weeks, or it can occur in the same game or competition if the athlete isn’t removed and treated after the first concussion. Neither impact has to be severe for second impact syndrome to occur. Symptoms usually occur immediately following the second impact and progress rapidly. Common symptoms include:
- Dilated pupils
- Loss of eye movement
- Unconsciousness
- Respiratory failure
- Death
DEPRESSION
LONG-TERM DAMAGE
Beyond the headline grabbing NFL hits, concussions are a daily risk at all levels of play. Emerging research shows cumulative damage and onset of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy after multiple concussions. Risk that even lesser impacts can lead to long-term damage. "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in athletes (and others) with a history of repetitive concussions...These changes in the brain can begin months, years or even decades after the last concussion or end of active athletic involvement."
Source: Boston School of Medicine
"Guys were dying, said Nowinski. The fact of the matter was guys were dying because they played sports 10 to 20 years before"
"The idea that you can whack your head hundreds of times in your life and knock yourself out and get up and be fine is gone. We know we can't do that anymore. This causes long-term damage." Source: Chris Nowinski, Founder of the Sports Legacy Institute
